Inflammation, histamine implicated in Alzheimer’s

Male hands holding image of human brain

Citations for every blog talking point are always at the bottom of the post.

As I reported in last week’s blog post Luteolin for mast cells, histamine and brain fog?, “..it seems research is also pointing to neuro-inflammation as the driving force of Alzheimer’s.” And indeed this week it certainly is. While it’s still a theory, a team at the University of Adelaide believe researchers have been barking up the wrong tree in pinning Alzheimer’s solely on a build up of amyloid plaques, and that they should focus on understanding how an immune system gone wild can attack the brain, causing localised brain inflammation.

Strangely, though I have experienced first hand the truly life changing effects of intense brain fog and near complete memory loss at times in my life, today was the first time I have ever looked at the link between histamine and Alzheimer’s specifically. I was shocked to see how much there is out there, and how much of it yielded conflicting results. It seems that when it comes to histamine, we still don’t yet know for sure whether histamine exerts a protective effect on the brain, or is implicated in the brain inflammation linked to Alzheimer’s.

On the subject of mast cells though we have an interesting study published in the journal Alzheimer’s Research and Therapy, in which researchers administered Mastinib, a mast cell stabiliser originally used to treat animal mast cell tumours, in a human trial. The goal of stabilising mast cell cells is to prevent them from leaking histamine and other inflammatory cells. In this case, specifically the brain. They concluded that as an add on to standard Alzheimer’s therapy, the mast cell stabiliser slowed cognitive decline.

Dr. Theoharides at Tufts has scads of research on the mast cell – neuroinflammation link. Visit his website www.mastcellmaster.com for a fascinating read. 

So far I’ve learned that preventing brain fog and memory loss comes down to to a few things:

  1. Keeping a food diary to figure out which foods may bring on cognitive impairment. In my case this was mainly sugar and high sugar high histamine foods (like my beloved pineapple). Try not to completely eliminate the healthy culprit foods. I keep mine (pineapple included) on a very long rotation. In particular you may want to pay attention to food additives or colouring.
  2. Eating a diet rich in anthocyanins (the stuff found in blueberries and black rice).
  3. Eating a diet rich in foods with mast cell stabilising properties (those high in quercetin, luteolin and rutin). My cookbooks are entirely made up of these foods, specifically Man Food, the Anti-Cookbooks and the Anti-Detox ebook.
  4. Foods might not be enough in some cases – so I started taking a supplement created by NIH funded mast cell researcher Dr. Theoharides (Tufts).
  5. Checking SOD genes to establish whether supplementation is required.
  6. Regularly checking serum vitamin B12 and ferritin status (a lack of which may contribute to confusion, memory problems and general mental impairment).
  7. Consulting your doctor if over 65 and taking anti-cholinergic medication like some antihistamines and benzodiazepines (which may cause cognitive impairment in some). Read more here. 
  8. Making sure not to ingest too much sugar generally and making sure I have enough protein in the diet.
  9. Taking steps to reduce stress which has been shown to affect memory.
  10. Meditation, stress relief and visualisation have always been able to bring me back to reality during a very bad bout of brain fog and confusion.

I’ll be covering everything I’ve learned in the last five years regarding using the brain to heal the body in an upcoming online workshop on June 11th. Included in the two hour event, participants will be led in three meditation, visualisation and other techniques, live, by me. Check it out here. There will be a recording of the workshop available to you after the event just in case you miss it.

You’ll find recipes full of foods with antihistamine and anti-inflammatory properties my books Anti-Recipes and The Anti-Cookbook

CLICK HERE TO CREATE YOUR OWN PERSONALISED HEALING HISTAMINE PLAN. 

CITATIONS

“The Enemy within: Innate Surveillance-Mediated Cell Death, the Common Mechanism of Neurodegenerative Disease” by Robert I. Richards, Sarah A. Robertson, Louise V. O’Keefe, Dani Fornarino, Andrew Scott, Michael Lardelli and Bernhard T. Baune in Frontiers in Neuroscience. Published online May 10 2016 doi:10.3389/fnins.2016.00193

Piette, François, Joël Belmin, Hélène Vincent, Nicolas Schmidt, Sylvie Pariel, Marc Verny, Caroline Marquis, Jean Mely, Laurence Hugonot-Diener, Jean-Pierre Kinet, Patrice Dubreuil, Alain Moussy, and Olivier Hermine. “Masitinib as an Adjunct Therapy for Mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomised, Placebo-controlled Phase 2 Trial.” Alzheimers Res Ther Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy 3.2 (2011): 16. Web.

10 responses to “Inflammation, histamine implicated in Alzheimer’s”

  1. Arika Avatar
    Arika

    Thank you for all of your work, and the fantastic website!
    I am very keen to try luteolin for its anti-inflammatory properties – I have
    seen so much positive anecdotal evidence of its benefits in autism,
    histamine intolerance, mast cell disease, etc, – but am hesitant to
    solve one problem by potentially creating another. What is your opinion regarding the research (http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3851288) stating that flavanoids, and luteolin especially, are potent, multi-functional endocrine disruptors at doses higher than those found normally in foods? Luteolin’s action against breast cancer seems encouraging, but the fact that it theoretically significantly increases the risk of endometrial cancer is frightening. I’m also not sure, given the chaotic nature of endocrine function in many sufferers of HIT, mast cell disease, autonomic dysfunction, etc., that an endocrine disruptor at “high” doses is wise. That said, I am taking quercetin, but its effects are seemingly much, much less, and without the cancer link.
    Any insight you could offer would be much appreciated. I realize that this is a grey area, and that the research is new and isolated, but it bears consideration nonetheless.

  2. Arika Avatar
    Arika

    Thank you for all of your work, and the fantastic website!
    I am very keen to try luteolin for its anti-inflammatory properties – I have
    seen so much positive anecdotal evidence of its benefits in autism,
    histamine intolerance, mast cell disease, etc, – but am hesitant to
    solve one problem by potentially creating another. What is your opinion regarding the research (http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3851288) stating that flavanoids, and luteolin especially, are potent, multi-functional endocrine disruptors at doses higher than those found normally in foods? Luteolin’s action against breast cancer seems encouraging, but the fact that it theoretically significantly increases the risk of endometrial cancer is frightening. I’m also not sure, given the chaotic nature of endocrine function in many sufferers of HIT, mast cell disease, autonomic dysfunction, etc., that an endocrine disruptor at “high” doses is wise. That said, I am taking quercetin, but its effects are seemingly much, much less, and without the cancer link.
    Any insight you could offer would be much appreciated. I realize that this is a grey area, and that the research is new and isolated, but it bears consideration nonetheless.

  3. Arika Avatar
    Arika

    Flavonoids, sorry! I am having a foggy day. Funnily enough though, even when I can literally barely speak, I can still write with some intelligibility…speech and writing come from different parts of the brain, one of which is presumably more beleaguered than the other…
    Thanks again 🙂

  4. Arika Avatar
    Arika

    Flavonoids, sorry! I am having a foggy day. Funnily enough though, even when I can literally barely speak, I can still write with some intelligibility…speech and writing come from different parts of the brain, one of which is presumably more beleaguered than the other…
    Thanks again 🙂

  5. Linda N Avatar
    Linda N

    Good post. Yasmina! Sadly I react to luteolin, quercitin,and even rutin although I still eat foods I tolerate that contain some of these flavonoids (like buckwheat for rutin…and no the oxylate content does not seem to be an issue with me.) A good book to read related to this is “Excitotoxins, The Taste That Kills” by Russel Blaylock, M.D. Histamine is an excitatory neurotransmitter, and too much of any excitatory neurotransmitters (glutamine, histamine, and others, as well the food biggie MSG), cause neuron death. The nerves get excited to death. Not to mention the massive inflammatory damage.

    Inhibitory neurotransmitters balance this out (Gaba, Taurine). I take some of my magnesium as magnesium taurate, and take Gaba and Taurine as supplements to help me sleep. Magnesium is a natural mast cell stabilizer because it naturally blocks the calcium channel.

    http://www.livestrong.com/article/280128-foods-with-calcium-channel-blockers/
    and
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mast_cell_stabilizer

    “Mast cell stabilizers are cromone medications used to prevent or control certain allergic disorders. They block a calcium channel essential for mast cell degranulation, stabilizing the cell and thereby preventing the release of histamine[1]
    and related mediators. One suspected pharmacodynamic mechanism is the
    blocking of IgE-regulated calcium channels. Without intracellular
    calcium, the histamine vesicles cannot fuse to the cell membrane and
    degranulate.”

    But as an herbal mast cell stabilizer, personally I favor the herb Feverfew!

    Feverfew’s partholenolide constituent is also very anti-inflammatory and its mechanism of action appears to be other than blocking MAO, which most of us do
    not need:

    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3764846/

    “Some recent examples of mast cell stabilizers from the terpenoid class
    include parthenolide (PTL), a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from the
    herb feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium), extracts from which exhibits anti-inflammatory properties and are used for the treatment of migraine (Murphy et al., 1988). PTL has also shown anti-allergic properties both in vitro and in vivo
    models. PTL inhibited antigen-IgE induced degranulation of both RBL-2H3
    cells and BMMCs at low concentrations (0.6–5 μM) and strongly inhibited
    PCA reaction in mice by approximately 90% at a concentration of 10
    mg·kg−1. PLT was also shown also to strongly suppress
    IgE–antigen-induced cytoskeletal rearrangement in RBL-2H3 cells, which
    is considered a critical step for the degranulation process in mast
    cells (Miyata et al., 2008)”

    And from Master Herbalist David Winston in his book “Herbal Therapy and Supplements, A Scientific and Traditional Approach” in the entry on Feverfew:

    “anti-inflammatory; inhibits platelet phopholipase A, which prevents the release of arachidoinic acid activity (Groenewegen & Heptinstall, 1992; Mill & Bone, 2000); inhibits histamine release; inactivates polymorphonuclear leukocytes; inhibits leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and histamine secretion; inhibits 5–hydroxytryptamine-mediated contractile responses.” It also naturally contains the flavonoids luteolin, and apigenin (Knight, 1995) (It seems I can eat foods and take herbs with these naturally occuring mast cell stabilizing flavonoids, but if I take large amounts of them as a supplement, I have problems.)

    Feverfew’s sesquiterpene lactones “interact with the protein kinase C pathway, inhibiting granule secretion from platelets, which causes an anti-migraine effect, and from polymorphs, which has an anti-arthritic activity (Mills & Bone, 2000)”

    Another herbal mast cell stabilizer and anti-inflammatory herb I like is Chinese Scullcap but since it can lower blood pressure, I now use it sparingly as I already take the feverfew.

    It seems Feverfew’s traditional use as a migraine preventative has a lot of scientific confirmation, and having migraines is a huge symptom of histamine intolerance. (I suffered horribly from migraines all my life and being on a low histamine diet along with some appropriate supplementation, and they have all but vanished. When I do get a headache now, it is much more mild and I take care of it with Vitamin C to lower the histamine levels. However I take Feverfew regularly and it helps with more than the migraines department with Histamine intolerance,

    I now also take 1 DAO with each meal as well as other digestive enzymes.

    Lets also not forget the importance of getting enough phosphatidylcholine for cell membrane stability! Phosphatidylcholine is a major component of cell membranes, and we can only make so much of it internally and a large part has to come from the diet. And if we have PEMT snps (like I do, homozygous) getting enough in the diet is even more important. I take an egg lecithin supplement and it has helped a lot.

  6. Linda N Avatar
    Linda N

    Good post. Yasmina! Sadly I react to luteolin, quercitin,and even rutin although I still eat foods I tolerate that contain some of these flavonoids (like buckwheat for rutin…and no the oxylate content does not seem to be an issue with me.) A good book to read related to this is “Excitotoxins, The Taste That Kills” by Russel Blaylock, M.D. Histamine is an excitatory neurotransmitter, and too much of any excitatory neurotransmitters (glutamine, histamine, and others, as well the food biggie MSG), cause neuron death. The nerves get excited to death. Not to mention the massive inflammatory damage.

    Inhibitory neurotransmitters balance this out (Gaba, Taurine). I take some of my magnesium as magnesium taurate, and take Gaba and Taurine as supplements to help me sleep. Magnesium is a natural mast cell stabilizer because it naturally blocks the calcium channel.

    http://www.livestrong.com/article/280128-foods-with-calcium-channel-blockers/
    and
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mast_cell_stabilizer

    “Mast cell stabilizers are cromone medications used to prevent or control certain allergic disorders. They block a calcium channel essential for mast cell degranulation, stabilizing the cell and thereby preventing the release of histamine[1]
    and related mediators. One suspected pharmacodynamic mechanism is the
    blocking of IgE-regulated calcium channels. Without intracellular
    calcium, the histamine vesicles cannot fuse to the cell membrane and
    degranulate.”

    But as an herbal mast cell stabilizer, personally I favor the herb Feverfew!

    Feverfew’s partholenolide constituent is also very anti-inflammatory and its mechanism of action appears to be other than blocking MAO, which most of us do
    not need:

    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3764846/

    “Some recent examples of mast cell stabilizers from the terpenoid class
    include parthenolide (PTL), a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from the
    herb feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium), extracts from which exhibits anti-inflammatory properties and are used for the treatment of migraine (Murphy et al., 1988). PTL has also shown anti-allergic properties both in vitro and in vivo
    models. PTL inhibited antigen-IgE induced degranulation of both RBL-2H3
    cells and BMMCs at low concentrations (0.6–5 μM) and strongly inhibited
    PCA reaction in mice by approximately 90% at a concentration of 10
    mg·kg−1. PLT was also shown also to strongly suppress
    IgE–antigen-induced cytoskeletal rearrangement in RBL-2H3 cells, which
    is considered a critical step for the degranulation process in mast
    cells (Miyata et al., 2008)”

    And from Master Herbalist David Winston in his book “Herbal Therapy and Supplements, A Scientific and Traditional Approach” in the entry on Feverfew:

    “anti-inflammatory; inhibits platelet phopholipase A, which prevents the release of arachidoinic acid activity (Groenewegen & Heptinstall, 1992; Mill & Bone, 2000); inhibits histamine release; inactivates polymorphonuclear leukocytes; inhibits leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and histamine secretion; inhibits 5–hydroxytryptamine-mediated contractile responses.” It also naturally contains the flavonoids luteolin, and apigenin (Knight, 1995) (It seems I can eat foods and take herbs with these naturally occuring mast cell stabilizing flavonoids, but if I take large amounts of them as a supplement, I have problems.)

    Feverfew’s sesquiterpene lactones “interact with the protein kinase C pathway, inhibiting granule secretion from platelets, which causes an anti-migraine effect, and from polymorphs, which has an anti-arthritic activity (Mills & Bone, 2000)”

    Another herbal mast cell stabilizer and anti-inflammatory herb I like is Chinese Scullcap but since it can lower blood pressure, I now use it sparingly as I already take the feverfew.

    It seems Feverfew’s traditional use as a migraine preventative has a lot of scientific confirmation, and having migraines is a huge symptom of histamine intolerance. (I suffered horribly from migraines all my life and being on a low histamine diet along with some appropriate supplementation, and they have all but vanished. When I do get a headache now, it is much more mild and I take care of it with Vitamin C to lower the histamine levels. However I take Feverfew regularly and it helps with more than the migraines department with Histamine intolerance,

    I now also take 1 DAO with each meal as well as other digestive enzymes.

    Lets also not forget the importance of getting enough phosphatidylcholine for cell membrane stability! Phosphatidylcholine is a major component of cell membranes, and we can only make so much of it internally and a large part has to come from the diet. And if we have PEMT snps (like I do, homozygous) getting enough in the diet is even more important. I take an egg lecithin supplement and it has helped a lot.

  7. Sandy T. Avatar
    Sandy T.

    Linda thank you very much for this information! Can you tell me which brand of Feverfew and egg lecithin supplements that you take? And the amount of each? That information would help me so much! Thank you!

  8. Sandy T. Avatar
    Sandy T.

    Linda thank you very much for this information! Can you tell me which brand of Feverfew and egg lecithin supplements that you take? And the amount of each? That information would help me so much! Thank you!

  9. Linda N Avatar
    Linda N

    Hi Sandy,

    I will be glad to share what brands I take and how much. But having said that, please note that I am not a physician, and I cannot diagnose or prescribe. What works for me does not necessarily work for someone else.

    I take Swanson Vitamin’s brand Feverfew extract 500 mg, standardized to 0.5% partholenolide 3 times a day. One of those 3 times I take at bed time.
    http://www.swansonvitamins.com/swanson-superior-herbs-feverfew-extract-500-mg-60-caps

    I have also used Nature’s Herbs standardized feverfew but since it is only 250 mg each capsule, if use it, I have to double the amount.
    http://www.swansonvitamins.com/natures-answer-feverfew-herb-standardized-90-veg-caps

    As for the egg yolk lecithin, I have only found 2 companies that make it. Again Swanson Vitamins brand is the one I take. Most other lecithin/phosphatidylcholine supplements come from either soy or sunflower, both of which I cannot take. Soy is out for most of us and sunflower seeds as well, but sunflower lecithin may be tolerated by some, and NOW brand does have a sunflower lecithin. Also, obviously, anyone with an egg allergy cannot take an egg lecithin supplement, (Thankfully I tolerate eggs.)

    I take 4 a day. This may not be the dose that is right for anyone else.
    http://www.swansonvitamins.com/swanson-premium-egg-yolk-lecithin-60-caps

    (I have to say that about a week into it I had a bad reaction where I was glued to the bed with severe disequilibrium but after that it never happened again. And that has happened to me each time I started a supplement that was meant to by-pass a biochemical block. It was just as if as it tried to fix the biochemistry it threw lots of histamine out of the cells or something. Who knows.)

    The only other company that sells an egg yolk lecithin that I could find was Nature’s Plus, but the amount of phosphatidylcholine in it is around half per cap as the Swanson brand.

    http://www.swansonvitamins.com/natures-plus-egg-yolk-lecithin-600-mg-90-veg-caps

    Please, anyone reading this post, do not assume that what works for me will work for you, and also be aware of looking at any inactive ingredients to which you could be allergic/sensitive as well

    Hope this information helps.
    Linda

  10. Linda N Avatar
    Linda N

    Hi Sandy,

    I will be glad to share what brands I take and how much. But having said that, please note that I am not a physician, and I cannot diagnose or prescribe. What works for me does not necessarily work for someone else.

    I take Swanson Vitamin’s brand Feverfew extract 500 mg, standardized to 0.5% partholenolide 3 times a day. One of those 3 times I take at bed time.
    http://www.swansonvitamins.com/swanson-superior-herbs-feverfew-extract-500-mg-60-caps

    I have also used Nature’s Herbs standardized feverfew but since it is only 250 mg each capsule, if use it, I have to double the amount.
    http://www.swansonvitamins.com/natures-answer-feverfew-herb-standardized-90-veg-caps

    As for the egg yolk lecithin, I have only found 2 companies that make it. Again Swanson Vitamins brand is the one I take. Most other lecithin/phosphatidylcholine supplements come from either soy or sunflower, both of which I cannot take. Soy is out for most of us and sunflower seeds as well, but sunflower lecithin may be tolerated by some, and NOW brand does have a sunflower lecithin. Also, obviously, anyone with an egg allergy cannot take an egg lecithin supplement, (Thankfully I tolerate eggs.)

    I take 4 a day. This may not be the dose that is right for anyone else.
    http://www.swansonvitamins.com/swanson-premium-egg-yolk-lecithin-60-caps

    (I have to say that about a week into it I had a bad reaction where I was glued to the bed with severe disequilibrium but after that it never happened again. And that has happened to me each time I started a supplement that was meant to by-pass a biochemical block. It was just as if as it tried to fix the biochemistry it threw lots of histamine out of the cells or something. Who knows.)

    The only other company that sells an egg yolk lecithin that I could find was Nature’s Plus, but the amount of phosphatidylcholine in it is around half per cap as the Swanson brand.

    http://www.swansonvitamins.com/natures-plus-egg-yolk-lecithin-600-mg-90-veg-caps

    Please, anyone reading this post, do not assume that what works for me will work for you, and also be aware of looking at any inactive ingredients to which you could be allergic/sensitive as well

    Hope this information helps.
    Linda

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Welcome!

Yasmina was an award-winning broadcast journalist with a decade of experience covering war zones for CNN and the BBC. She devoted her journalism skills to researching and writing about histamine. Click here to learn about her. Each post is carefully and fully referenced with the latest scientific research. Not sure where to start? Here’s a four week meal plan and overall Histamine Reset.


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